Study first
Review the ideas behind the questions
These notes explain how GA4 records traffic source data and where source, medium, campaign, UTMs, and referrals fit.
Traffic-source dimensions
Traffic-source dimensions describe where visitors came from and how the visit should be grouped in reports.
- Source identifies the specific origin, such as a search engine or website.
- Medium describes the type of traffic, such as organic, cpc, referral, social, or email.
- Campaign describes a marketing initiative.
- Default channel group buckets traffic into broader channels.
Reports and attribution basics
GA4 acquisition reports help marketers compare channels, campaigns, and sources. They are useful when checking how users arrive before engaging or converting.
- Traffic acquisition focuses on where new and returning visitors came from.
- Realtime is useful for quick checks, not complete campaign analysis.
- Campaign data can come from integrations or manual UTM tagging.
- Direct traffic should not be over-interpreted without checking tagging and referrals.
Manual tagging
Manual UTM tagging adds campaign details to URLs. Consistent naming keeps GA4 reports easier to read.
- The source parameter (utm_source) identifies the source.
- The medium parameter (utm_medium) identifies the marketing medium.
- The campaign parameter (utm_campaign) identifies the campaign.
- Inconsistent naming can split reporting rows.