Study first
Review the ideas behind the questions
These notes explain how SPF, DKIM, DMARC, alignment, and DNS records help mailbox providers verify a sender.
Authentication proves sender identity
Email authentication helps receiving systems check whether a message is authorized by the sending domain. It is a core trust signal for modern email programs.
- SPF lists servers allowed to send for a domain.
- DKIM signs messages so receivers can verify they were not changed.
- DMARC tells receivers how to handle mail that fails checks.
- Authentication does not replace consent or list quality.
Sender requirements keep rising
Mailbox providers increasingly expect proper authentication, low spam rates, and easy unsubscribe handling, especially for bulk senders.
- Use the sender guidelines for Gmail and Google Workspace recipients.
- Keep spam complaint rates low.
- Make unsubscribe easy for recipients.
- Do not send from domains that are not properly configured.
Check the setup before campaigns
Authentication problems can be caused by missing DNS records, misaligned domains, or sending from an unauthenticated platform.
- Verify domain records before relying on a sending platform.
- Check whether SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are passing.
- Use a consistent from-domain strategy.
- Recheck authentication after changing email tools or domains.